初中英语语法大全（人教版）

11. 动词的时态

11.1 一般现在时的用法

1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3） 表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.2 一般过去时的用法

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。 would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。

2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？

返回动词的时态目录

11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。

11.4 一般将来时

1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？

2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。

4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。

3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。

11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。

11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

11.13 since的四种用法

1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。

2） since +一段时间+ ago。

3） since +从句。

4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。

11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词

1） 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。

2） 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……

11.15 过去完成时

1） 概念：表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2） 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：

She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。

2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：

11.17 将来完成时

1） 构成will have done

2） 概念

a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。

11.18 现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法：

a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。

11.19 不用进行时的动词

1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：

I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。

11.20 过去进行时

1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。

参考资料：希望帮到你[*_*]

初中英语语法大全

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at （感官动词）+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v（原） 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长， 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由……制成（制成以后看不见原材料） 51 be made of 由……制成（制成以后还看得见原材料） 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg： 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么 eg : ...

初中英语重点短语句子

初中英语重点短语1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……，不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不……4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因……而著名8. on ones way to在……途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of在……的尽头，在……的末尾11. wait for 等待12. in time 及时13. make one's way to…往……（艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车21. stand in line 站队22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of……在……的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take one's temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as… 一……就……34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事36. fall asleep 入睡37. again and again再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查41. take exercise运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时45. out of从……向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later迟早51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of…=look after…（well） （好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关

初中英语句子成分例句及详解

1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词）Twenty years is a short time in history. （数词） Seeing is believing. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.(It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语)（一）指出下列句中主语的中心词① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.② There is an old man coming here.③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。

We study English. He is asleep.（二）. 选出句中谓语的中心词① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast3. 表语（predicative）：系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don't look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词）His father is in.（副词） The picture is on the wall. （介词短语）My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）（常见的系动词有： be, sound（听起来）， look（看起来）， feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来）， taste（尝、吃起来）， remain（保持，仍是）， feel（感觉）…… It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange.Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.The door remains open. Now I feel tired. （三） 挑出下列句中的表语① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim？③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤ She was the first to learn about it.4. 宾语：1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。

放在及物动词或者介词之后。

如：I like China. （名词） He hates you. （代词）How many do you need? We need two. （数词）I enjoy working with you. （动名词）I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said？ （宾语从句） 2） 介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3） 双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money.（四） 挑出下列句中的宾语① My brother hasn't done his homework.② People all over the world speak English.③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④ How many new words did you learn last class？⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?5. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。

We elected him monitor. （名词） We all think it a pity that she didn't come here. （名词）We will make them happy. （形容词） We found nobody in. （ 副词 ） Please make yourself at home. （介词短语） Don't let him do that. （省to不定式）His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）Don't keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I'll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）（五） 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.② He asked her to take the boy out of school.③ She found it difficult to do the work.④ They call me Lily sometimes.⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?6. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。

Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词） He is our friend. （代词）We belong to the third world.（数词） He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）The man over there is my old friend.（副词）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. （介词）The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式） You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）（六） 挑出下列句中的定语① They use Mr., Mrs. with the family name.② What is your given name？③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.7. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。

表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条...

英语！初中生要掌握的所有语法！

所有词性相关知识 int. n. pron. v. conj. adv. adj . abbr. art. prep. aux. vi. vt. num. pl.int.----interjection：感叹词 n.-----noun：名词 pron.----pronoun：代词 v.----verb：动词 conj.-----conjunction：连词 adv.----adverb：副词 adj.------adjective：形容词 abbr------abbreviation：缩写 art.-----article：冠词 prep.-----preposition：介词 aux.-----auxiliary：助词 vi.------verb intransitive：不及物动词 vt.------verb transitive：及物动词 num.-------number：数词 pl-------plural：复数 sing------singular：单数 所有时态和形式 ：■表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。

如：She said she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

注意：过去完成时是一种相对时态，一定要有一个作参照的过去时间或过去动作作比较，否则，就不能用过去完成时。

但下列3种情况虽然有是先后发生的两个过去动词，却同用一般过去时：1. 先后发生的一系列动作，但并不强调先后时，最后两个动词用then,and,but 等连接。

如：On Saturday afternoon, Mrs Green went to the market, bought some bananas and visited her cousin. 星期下午，格林夫人去了市场，买了些香蕉，然后去看望了她的表姐。

2. 两个动作是紧接着发生的，可用一般过去时。

如：When I heard the news, I was very excited. 我听到那个消息时，非常高兴。

3. 叙述历史事实，可用一般过去时。

如：Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492. 我们老师告诉我们哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。

■表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。

跟现在完成时一样，也常与how long, for three days, before等表示一段时间的状语连用。

如：When Jack arrived he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到来时，他才了解到玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。

■表示未曾实现的希望或打算。

表示希望或打算的动词，如hope, want, expect, think, suppose, plan, mean, intend等的过去完成时，后接不定式to do时，表示未曾实现的希望或打算，即“本来希望或打算做某事（但却没做） ”。

如：I had hoped to send him a Christmas card,but I forgot to do so. 我本来希望寄给他一张圣诞卡的，但我忘了寄了。

I had intended to come over to see you last night,but someone called and I couldn't get away. 昨晚我本想去看你的，但有人来了我走不开。

■用于下列4个特殊句型中：1. hardly…when…， no sooner…than…2. It/ That /This was the first time that…3. It was+时间段+since…（from www.yygrammar.com）4. …than sb. had thought /expected /hoped /wanted等。

Hardly had I opened the door when he told me. 我刚开开门，他就告诉了我。

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

It was the second time he had been out with her. 这是他第二次和她一道出去。

It was more than a year now since he had seen her. 他上次见她以来已经一年多了。

We arrived earlier than we had expected. 我们到得比预料的早。

■表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。

有时与just, already, yet, recently, before, twice, three times等时间状语连用，如：I have seen the film already. 我已经看过那部电影了。

（现在我知道电影的内容了。

） Have you seen my bag？ 你看到我的手提包了吗？ （你知道它在哪里？ ） 注意：1. 现在完成时不与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in1983, just now, when等表示具体的过去时间的状语连用。

2. 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等；而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在的影响，因此，若现在影响并不存在时就不能用现在完成时了。

如说I have closed the door. 那门现在也是关着的，若被风吹开了，就只能说I closed the door. 了。

■表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

常与“since+时间点”，“for+时间段”，及how long, (ever) since, ever, before, so far, in the last /past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。

如：She has been a dancer for ten years. 她已当了十年的舞蹈演员了。

We've planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 过去几年我们种了成千上万棵树。

So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。

They've lived here since 1989. 从1989年起他们就在这里住了。

I saw Julia in April and I haven't seen her since. 我四月见到朱莉娅，从那之后就没见到她了。

注意：非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时，在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用。

但其在否定式是可与这类时间状语连用的。

如：I haven't met him for two years. 我两年没有遇见他了。

■用于This/That/It is the first(second…) time that…句型中。

如：It is the first time ...

九年义务教育的初中英语语法大全

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at （感官动词）+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v（原） 将

初中英语语法大全汇总

语法是语言学的一个 分支，研究按确定用法来运用的＂词类＂、＂词＂的曲折变化或表示相互关系的其他手段以及词在句中的功能和关系。

包含词的构词、构形的规则和组词成句的规则。

语法有两个 含义，一指语法结构规律本身，即语法事实；一指 语法学，是探索并描写语法结构的科学，是语法学者对客观存在的语法体系的认识和说明。

语法事实本身没有分歧，但由于语法学者占有的材料，观察角度，分析方法不一致，语法学体系是有分歧的。

语法包括词法和句法两部分。

词法主要是指词的构成，变化和分类规律。

句法主要是指短语和句子等 语法单位的构成和变化规则。

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初中所有英语语法

词组大全 1.(see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at （感官动词）+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级 and 比较级） 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助 向…要…（直接接想要的东西） eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间 最后；尽头；末尾 eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句 感觉/对什么有信心，自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么 eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕…… eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么 eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视 I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气 eg : Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样 eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于 31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于…… 32 be careful 当心；小心 33 be different from…… 和什么不一样 34 be famous for 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好 36 be from = come from 来自 eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的 be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v（原） 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长， 善于…… 41 be good for 对什么有好处 eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处 eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处 Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health 身体健康 45 be in trouble 处于困难中 eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到 eg: Be late for class 上课迟到 48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气 50 be made from 由……制成（制成以后看不见原材料） 51 be made of 由……制成（制成以后还看得见原材料） 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to 参观 54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet 安静 56 be short for 表**的缩写 eg： 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事 eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格 eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心 eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕…… 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事 72 be the same as … 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉 74 be worth doing 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句 76 because+句子 because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事 start…with…=begin…with...

初二英语语法大全

动词时态的句子结构及关键词： 一般现在时： 句子结构： 肯定句 主语+be (am, is, are ) + 其他 否定句 主语+be not +其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 或： 肯定句 主语+动词原型+其他 （ 第三人称单数作主语动词要加＂s＂ ） 否定句 主语+don't+动词原型+其他（第三人称单数作主语don't改为doesn't） 疑问句 DO+主语+动词原型+其他（第三人称单数作主语do改为doess） 关键词： sometimes, often, usually, always, every day, on Sunday afternoon, at 10 o'clockin the morning, five days a week, three times a month等. 注：在时间壮语从句，条件壮语从句中，常用一般现在时表示将来时，这时一般从 句用一般现在时，主句用将来时 现在进行时： 句子结构：肯定句 主语+be +动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+be not+动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Be +主语+动词的现在分词+其他 关键词：now, right now, at the moment, It's+几点钟等的句子.或look, listen, keep quiet等提示语. 一般将来时： 句子结构： 肯定句 主语+will+动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+will not +动词原型+其他 疑问句 Will +主语+动词原型+其他 （will 可改为be going to ，当主语是第一人称时will可用shall） 关键词：tomorrow, tomorrow morning, at seven o'clock tomorrow evening, next year, at ten o'clock next Sunday, this year, at the end of this term, from now on, in the year 2008, soon, in a few days' time, in the future 等. 一般过去时： 句子结构：肯定句 主语+be(was,were)+其他 否定句 主语+be not+其他 疑问句 Be+主语+其他 或： 肯定句 主语+动词的过去式+其他 否定句 主语+did not+动词原型+其他 疑问句 Did+主语+动词原型+其他 关键词：yesterday,yesterday morning等 ，last week, last year, at the end of last term， 一段时间+ago如：ten years ago, five hours ago, on January 1st,2004, in the 1980s等. Just now,in the old days, long ago, a moment ago等. 过去进行时： 句子结构： 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词的现在分词+其他 否定句 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词+其他 疑问句 Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词+其他 关键词：具体时间+过去的时间壮语 如：at ten o'clock yesterday morning, at this time last Sunday等. 现在完成时： 句子结构：肯定句 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他（第三人称单数用has） 否定句 主语+have/has not+动词的过去分词+其他 疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词+其他 关键词：already, yet, just, ever, never ,so far, for +一段时间，since+过去的 时间或过去时从句.或this year alone＂今年以来＂，these five years alone＂这五年 以来＂，in the last ten years ＂在过去的十年中＂等. 过去将来时： 句子结构： 肯定句 主语+ would+ 动词原型+其他 否定句 主语+ would not + 动词原型+ 其他 疑问句 Would+主语+动词原型+其他 （would可改为was/were going to ，主语第一人称时would可用should） 过去将来时主要用在宾语从句中. 过去完成时： 句子结构： 肯定句 主语+had + 动词的过去分词+其他 否定句 主语+had not +动词的过去分词+其他 疑问句 Had+主语+动词的过去分词+其他 关键词：by+过去某一时间点 如：by last year, by the end of+过去某一时间点 如： by the end of last year, before+过去某一时间点，by the time +从句，或宾语从 句中最后，请记住： It's not the end of the world, try to look on the bright side of thing, I'm sure it will be all right. 这不是世界末日，试着往事情好的方面看，我确认一切都会好起来.英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。

初中阶段的被动语态有五种时态，我们可以从以下方面进行小结：一、被动语态的时态及结构（以动词do为例）结构：主语 + be + 过去分词时态：1. 一般现在时： am (is, are) done.2.带情态动词的被动语态：must (can, may, should, need, would) be done3. 一般过去时： was (were) done * 4. 一般将来时： will (shall) be done * 5. 现在进行时： am (is, are) being done6. 现在完成时： have (has) been done 二、从初中阶段所学五种基本句型谈变被动语态时应注意的问题。

1.主语 + 连系动词 + 表语 （S+V+P）此结构不可用被动语态。

（正） The flowers smell sweet.（误） The flowers are smelt sweet.2.主语 + 不及物动词 （S+V）此结构不可变被动语态。

（正） An accident happened last night.（误） An accident was happened last night.3.主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 （S + V+ O）(1)将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语Children often sing this song This song is often sung by children.(2)将含有介词或副词的动词短语变为被动结构时，不可将介词或副词去掉。

We should listen to the teachers carefully.The teachers should be listened to carefully.4.主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S + V+ IO+ DO）(1).将表人的间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语不变。

He showed us a picture .We were shown a picture.(2).将指物的直接宾语变为主语，要在间接宾语前加介词to或for.常用加to的动词give, show, pass, read等常用加for的动词 buy, get, make, sing, draw 等A picture was shown to ...

急求初中英语语法大全！

你所列举的句子均是限制性定语从句化简为分词短语来的。

在限制性定语从句中，若关系代词为主语时，该定语从句可化简为分词短语。

法则如下：1.删除关系代词2.之后的动词变成现在分词3.若动词为be动词，变成现在分词being之后，可将being省略例：I like the car which is parked in front of the post office.按照上面的法则：1.删除关系代词which2.动词为be动词，改为being，但可省略于是就等于：I like the car parked in front of the post office.你说的句子由此变来：I listened to one who is called Heart Strings Do you know the man who is writing novels?因此分析：答案为B.sitting希望能帮到你！