在英语中省略的用法
英语中为了避免重复,句子中的某些部分可以省略,常见的省略有下列14种情况:
1、并列复合句中某些相同成分的省略
He often regards English as easy and (he often regards)French as difficult.
他常把英语看作是容易学的,而法语是难学的
2、在用when,while,if,as if,though(although),as until,whether等连词引导的状语从句中,如果谓语有be,而主语又跟主句的主语相同或是it时,则从句的主语和be常可省略
When(water is)heated,water is turned into vapour.
水加热时变成气体
3、在than,as,no matter what(who等)分句后面常可省略某些成分
They do not use more water than(it is)necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量
4、在know,think,consider,suppose,find,belive,say,decide等动词后面所接的宾语从句中,连接词that常可省略
I think(that)it will clear up this afternoon.
我想今天下午天会转晴
5、在限制性定语从句中,作宾语用的关系代词whom,which,that常省略;在以the same...as和such...as引出的某些定语从句中,也可以省略与主句相同的成分
This is one of the best films(that)I‘ve ever seen.
这是我所看过的最好的电影
6、在以there is开头的句子中,修饰主语的同位语从句的连接词常省略,修饰主语的定语从句的关系代词作主语,有时可以省略
There is a table(that)stands in the corner.
墙角处放着一张桌子
7、用so,not或其他手段来替代上文或问句中的一部分或整个句意
--Can he do this work?他能做这件工作吗?
--I think so. 我想他行
8、在某些动词后的宾语补语和主语补语中可将to be省略
These books are thought(to be)very valuable
人们认为这些书很有价值
9、在“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构中,有时可省略be或there be
The higher the temperature(is),the greater the pressure(is)
温度越高,压力越大
10、某些动词在接that从句时,不用与之搭配的介词
We agreed that is was a mistake.
我们一致认为,这是一个错误
11、用to表示前述动词不定式,其后面有关成分省略
You may go home if you like(to)
你如果想回家就可回家
12、在某些虚拟语气的句子中可以省略should
I suggest that he(should)study more English before going abroad.
我建议他出国前多学点英语
13、在用so+that连接的从句中,常省略so或that
We are very tired,(so)that we had better hurry home.
我们很累,所以我们还是赶快回家去吧
14、省略介词in的几个固定词组
He spends his evenings(in)studying English
他把晚上的时间花在学英语上
英语中and 和 or 后面的句子省略的是那一部分
在英语中省略的用法:可省略的成分省略大致可归纳为功能词的省略和语法结构上的省略两种。
在很多情况下,这两种省略存在着交叉的关系,即有时既是功能词的省略,同时又是语法结构上的省略。
A. 功能词的省略功能词指的是没有完整意义,但有语法意义的词,如冠词、介词、助动词等。
英语句子结构的简洁,首先表现在功能词的省略上。
1.冠词的省略 They elected John (the) monitor of the class. 他们选约翰当班长。
A man and (a) woman are talking in the office. 办公室一男一女正在谈话。
He could not understand why there was no noise coming from the house, not even the sound of the radio or (the) television. 他不明白为什么从屋子里一点响声也没传出来,甚至连收音机和电视机的声音也没有。
提示: 在英语新闻标题、告示中,经常省略冠词。
Chinese President Stresses Role of Working Class 中国国家主席强调工人阶级作用 (新闻标题 = The Chinese President Stresses the Role of the Working Class) People Rebuild Homes After Flood 洪水退后人民重建家园(新闻标题 = The People Rebuild Their Homes After the Flood) DO NOT SPEAK TO DRIVER WHILE BUS IS IN MOTION 汽车在行驶时请勿和司机讲话。
(告示 = Do not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion)2.代词的省略 I went to the market, (I) bought something useful, and (I) returned home within an hour. 我去了市场,买了点有用的东西,一小时之内就回来了。
They didn't like it, yet (they) said nothing. 他们并不喜欢它,可是什么话也没说。
(It) Doesn't matter. 这不碍事。
(You) Had a good time, didn't you 玩得开心,是吧? I like your two small bottles, but I don't like the smallest (one). 我喜欢你的两只小瓶子,但我不喜欢最小的那一只。
3.连词的省略 We are delighted (that) you can come. 你能来,我们很高兴。
I believe (that) you will succeed.我相信你们会成功的。
It's a pity (that) he's leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。
4.关系词的省略 I'll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。
He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。
It wasn't I (who) let him in. 不是我放他进来的。
It happened on the day (when) we first met. 这发生在我们初次见面的那一天。
There is a man (who) wants to see you. 有个人想要见你。
5.助动词的省略 (Does) Anyone want a drink 有谁要喝一杯吗? Who (do) you think you are 你以为你是谁?(在特殊疑问句中,当主语是第二人称时,助动词do可省略) I (have) got to go now. 我得走了。
6.不定式符号的省略 I hope to finish my job and (to) go back home. 我希望做完事回家。
(当几个不定式并列时,一般只需在第一个不定式前用to) What we could do was (to) get away. (主语从句中含有do,那么作表语的动词不定式往往省略to)7.介词的省略 He went (in) that way. 他往那边去了。
The two boys are (of) the same age. 这两个男孩年龄一样大。
I am in doubt (about) whether this is right or not. 我拿不定主意这对不对。
You may come to see me (at) any time between 4 and 5. 你在4点到5点之间随时都可以来见我。
She must have stayed here (for) a long time. 她在这里一定呆了很久了。
8.引导词there的省略 (There) Ought to be some coffee in the pot. 壶里应该有些咖啡的。
(There) Must be somebody waiting for you. 肯定有人在等你。
B. 句子成分的省略为了避免重复,或者为了使某一内容显要注目,可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。
1.省略主语 Hope so. 希望如此。
(= I hope so.) Beg your pardon. 请你原谅。
(= I beg your pardon.) Take care! 当心!(= You take care.) Looks as if it will rain. 看起来像要下雨。
(= It looks as if it will rain.) Serves you right. 你活该!(= It serves you right.) 注意: 祈使句主语通常省略(如Take care! 当心!)。
但有时为了明确对方,可加上主语。
You feed the bird today, will you 今天你喂鸟,好吗? Somebody answer the phone, please. 请来个人接一下电话。
2.省略谓语 Anything the matter?要紧吗?(= Is anything the matter) Who next 该谁了?(= Who comes next) Just a moment, please. 请等一会儿。
(= Just wait a moment, please.) The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深,冰很薄。
(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.) We'll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。
(= We'll do the best we can do.) What we can't get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的似乎要比我们已经得到的要好。
(= What we can't get seems better than what we have got.)3.省略表语 Are you ready Yes, I am. 你准备好了吗? 我准备好了。
(am后面省略了表语ready) He is a lover of sports as he was in his youth. 他还是像年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。
(was后面省略了表语a lover of sports) China has been, and still is, the most populous country in the world. 中国过去是,而且现在还是世界上人口最多的国家。
(= China has been the most populous country in the world and still is the most populous country in the worl...
英语小白,请大神指点下这个句子But后面省略的主语,是什么?
英语省略句的用法省略句是英语的一种习惯用法.按照语法的分析,句子应该具备的成分,有时出于修辞上的需要,在句中并不出现,这种句子叫做省略句(elliptical sentences,这种语法现象称为“省略”(ellipsis or leaving words out.其特点是:虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分,但仍能表达其完整的意义. 省略形式多样,从单词、短语到分句,都可以省略,而且各有一定的衔接关系,不容臆断.“省略”不但是一种“以无为有”的最简便的表达方法,而且也是一种简便至极,“虽无胜有”的修辞手段. 如果弄不清一句中哪些部分省略了,就可以产生误解或歧义. 下面从翻译角度谈谈一些比较特殊的省略. 一、原文“空缺”,译文“增补” 两个主语不同的句子,谓语有相同部分,也有不同部分,如果用连词连接起来进行对比,则其相同部分在后面分句中可以省略,这样,后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象.“空缺”处通常被省略的是动词,或动词及其宾语、补足语等.汉译时不妨采用“补齐”的方法.例如: A sound must be heard,a colour seen,a flavour tasted,an odour inhaled.,颜色必须目视,滋味必须口尝,气味必须鼻吸.(后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise;mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.;数学使人精细;逻辑和修辞使人善辩.(原文后两句省略make men) 二、英语状语从句中的省略部分可不译 than引出的比较从句中,套有when引导的时间从句或if引导的条件从句,而且该比较从句中的省略部分与整个句子的主要结构一致时则比较从句的省略部分可省略不译.例如: My uncle is better than when I wrote to我伯父的身体比我上次给你去信时好些了(...than后面省略了he was) 三、对英语中一些特殊省略结构译法需灵活,指的是按正常语法规则分析,有的无法增补,有的要用不同的方式来增补,使之成为完全句.因此,汉译英时,视上下文加以灵活处理. 1.“宾语+主语+谓语……and +谓语”结构 其中and连接的,是用作不同成分的同一个词,这个词既是第一分句的宾语,又是第二分句的主语.此结构的特点是,把宾语提到句首,使之兼任后一分句的主语,达到简化句子结构的目的.汉译时,可仍先译宾语,不必改变原文的语序.例如: This substance we call water,and come next only to oxygen.这种物质称为水,其重要性仅次于氧.(=We call this substance water,and this substance comes next only to oxygen.) 2.以“Hence +名词”开头的结构 hence是表示结果意义的连接副词,hence前面的句子表示原因,hence后面则省略了类似 come的动词.它是倒装句.例如: Hence(comes)this instruction of the experiment因此,有这本实验说明书. 3.某些常用词组引导的省略疑问句,通常不需要写出其省略部分.例如: How(is it)about the result?结果怎么样呢? 4.由习语组成的省略结构 So much is for the foundry processes.工艺过程的内容就是这些.(=Enough has been said or done about...;That is all we'll say about...) Now for the sound-wave method.现在谈谈风波方法.(=And we will now talk about...) The grinding machine you operate must be oiled,and that at once.油,而且要马上上油.(and that是个加强语气的省略结构.that是指示代词,代替上文的全部,与and连用表示强调,后接状语.=andmustbeoiledat可译为“而且”.) 四、介词(短语)的“无胜于有” 英语介词(短语)应用之频繁,简直到了“不可稍离”的地步.它是功能词中最积极、最活跃之一.但有时,为了用词简洁精练,在上下文意境清楚的前提下,介词常常省略.译文中也要采取相应的简洁表达手法. 1.动名词-ing前,有时省略介词. Most people just ruin scissors by)trying to sharpen them.大多数人想把剪刀磨快,结果却磨坏了. 2.在含有way,height,length,size,shape, ckness等惯用语前,有时省略介词. Try to keep your letters on)this side of 500 words.写信请勿超过五百字. 3.在以next,this,one,every,each,some,等开头的时间状语前,有时省略介词. Nine days(from)now will be May Day.起再过九天,便是五一节. 4.在“noun +participle”,“noun +and all”结构中,有时省略介词“with”. He jumped into the water, (with his)clothes and all.他和着衣服跳进水里. 5.某些动词、名词、形容词习惯搭配中的介词(短语),在以what,when,how,whether,that出的从句或不定式短语之前,有时被省略.例如: I am not informed(as to)whether he went,why from.我没听说他是否去了,为什么去,什么时候去,来自何地方.(省略与informed搭配的介词as to.) They are tempered to be careless (of)how they spend their time,because they imagine they have so much of it.对于如何支配时间,他们总是漫不经心,因为他们认为时间多的是.(省略与形容词careless搭配的介词of.) 英语省略句用词简练,表意简练,往往收到一定的修饰效果,但省略必须根据习惯、语言内容和上下文而定.从上述各例句中可以看出,英语和汉语表达习惯不同.在很多上下文意境清楚的情况下,英语...
英语中哪些句子后介词不能省略能举出具体的哪些单词要加介词的不及...
你说的太笼统了吧,要看是在什么情况下,相对应的用法也是不同的.哎,那就待我细细道来吧·····一、形式上不留任何痕迹什么叫形式上不留任何痕迹呢?一般来说,句子中的某些成分被省略后,形式上不保留任何痕迹,只能从意义上来理解.如:(1) Welcome to our school.欢迎来我校.(2) Make yourself at home.请随便.二、留下某一个表特征的词1.如果句子中的不定式被省略,常保留不定式中的小品词to.如:(1) —Will you please go shopping with me this afternoon?今天下午同我一起去买东西好吗?—I'd like to,but I have much work to do.我倒想去,但是我有很多事情要做.(2) —Will Mr.Brown come,too?布朗先生回来吗?—Yes.He promised to,but he doesn't turn up yet.是的.她答应来,但现在还没有到.但当不定式是be或动词的完成体时,be及have一般不能省略.如:(1) —Will Bruce be a player for our team?布鲁斯将会成为我们队的队员吗?—He wants to be,but we won't take him in.他倒想,而我们不会接受他.(2) —Has he finished reading the book?他把书看完了吗?—He hopes to have,but in fact he reads too slowly.他倒希望看完了,而事实上她读得太慢了.2.从句的谓语部分省略后,从句中的情态动词或助动词保留.如:(1) He said he would do as much as he could to help us.他说他要尽一切努力来帮助我们.(2) When asked to dance,she said she couldn't.当请她跳舞时,她说她不会.3.省略从句时,若从句为否定,则从句中的否定词not被保留.这样的主句谓语动词有:think,believe,guess,suppose,hope,be afraid,be sure 及连接副词:why,if.如:(1) —Do you think he will come to see us?你认为他回来看我们吗?—I think not.我认为不会.(2) —Is it going to rain?天会下雨吗?—I'm afraid not.(3) —Can you go to the concert with us this evening?今天晚上能跟我们一起去听音乐演奏会吗?—Why not.为什么不呢?三、用一个单词来代替被省略的成分1.当从句或分句中的谓语动词省略时,有时须加一个助动词do合适的形式来代替.如(1) Anyone can't break the rules.If you do,you will sure be punished.任何人也不能违反纪律,如果你违反了,你将肯定要受到惩罚.(2) He was told not to go there alone at night,but he did.人们告诉他夜晚不要单独一人去那儿,然而它却去了.(3) —Do you like swimming?你喜欢游泳吗?—Yes,I do.是的,我喜欢.2.当整个从句被省略时,可用so来代替.这样的主句谓语动词有:think,believe,guess,suppose,hope,be及疑问副词why,how,if等.如:(1) —Do you think the thief will be put into prison?你认为那个贼会被打入监牢吗?—Yes.I think so.是的,我认为会.(2) —Do you believe that he will come back from abroad?你认为他会从国外回来吗?—Yes.I believe so.是的,我认为他会回来.(3) —It is said that Mary got her arm broken.据说玛丽把手臂弄断了.—How so.怎么会这样呢.(4) —He must be in the classroom now.他现在肯定在教室里.—If so,let's go to the classroom to see him.如果她在教室里,我们就去那儿看他吧.3.当从句为否定,而整个从句被省略时,可写为don't…so,也可只保留从句中的not.这样的主句动词有:think,believe,suppose等.如:(1) —Do you think he will change his idea?你认为他会改变主意吗?—No.I don't think so.不,我认为他不会.(2) —Do you think English is difficult?你认为英语难学吗?—No.I don't think so.不,我认为不难学.四、从句中的引导词省略后,主谓倒装在虚拟条件句中含有were,should,had 时,可将 if 省略,同时将 were,should,had 提到句首.如:(1) Were I there,I would stop him doing that.要是我在那儿,我就会阻止他那样做.(2) Had he learnt English,he would be studying abroad.要是他以前学过英语,他会正在国外学习.(3) Should he like swimming,I couldn't stop him.要是他喜欢游泳,我可阻止他不了.以上这些就是省略句主要表现形式(挥汗中···)细分的话还包括:疑问词why引导的省略句,连系动词的省略,主语+连系动词”的省略,表语的省略,助动词的省略,谓语的省略 等等.总结太多怕你晕了,
英语有时在句子当中的单词说快了能否省略。
主句是一个含有条件状语从句的句子:Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief in their character and how much this faith means to a child.定语从句their children usually have在条件状语从句中,修饰先行词belief,先行词belief在定语从句中做及物动词have的宾语,所以连接词用that或者which,也可以省略,这里就是省略了连接词that或者which.希望可以帮到你.
英语中哪些疑问词后面动词的介词可以省略.非诚勿扰如:...
您好,where do you want to go ?这个句子中省略介词to,不是由不及物动词go决定的,而是由where这个方位副词决定的方位副词一般本身包含了to、into等介词,所以不及物加方位副词可以省略to、into等介词方位副词有(here,there,outdoors,home,out,疑问副词及合成词where,anywhere,somewhere.everywhere nowhere等)不及物动词加方位副词是不加介词to、into的如go home(out、there)、 come here、where to go、arrive home等希望能帮到您
在英语中省略的用法:等您坐沙发呢!