英语中句子用倒装形式的情况

英语中句子用倒装形式的情况

一、 表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你

才可以解决这个问题。

例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had

made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. not,little,hardly,scarcely,no more,no longer,in no

way,never,seldom,not only,no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句

子用部分倒装。

例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下

起了雨。

例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示

强调so /such和that之间的部分。

例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要

价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors

walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极

佳的修辞效果。

二、 承上启下

有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧

接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承

上启下的作用。

例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying

on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她

叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we

are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不

平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒

装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图

画。

再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

Out of the bosom of the Air,

Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

Over the woodlands brown and bare,

Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

Silent, and soft, and slow,

Descends the snow.

在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七

个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读

罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。

四、 平衡结构

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保

持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常

采用倒装语序。

1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使

句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with

orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders

from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be

shipped to some other cities.

B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be

shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采

用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语

序以取得理想的表达效果。

2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都

提到主语前。如:

Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:

Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的

信在这儿。

五、 使描写生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词

(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句

首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:

Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman

pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三

楼跳了下去。

Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!

Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!

以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风

采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。

“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound.

The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell,

helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...

“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred

voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the

window, out run the people. ( Dickens )

作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装

句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the

people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉

贼场面。

倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,

了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 ,

对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使

文章表达更生动、有力。

都说倒装有两种情况：语法上的需要和强调。那么，表示祝愿的句子倒装时是属于那种情况呢?

属于强调。原因如下：

一、如果是语法需要，那么情态动词+主语+谓语的结构应该是一个一般疑问句，而不是陈述句；

二、当要表示强调的时候，通常采用全部倒装或者部分倒装，一般原则是哪个部分需要被强调就把哪个部分提前，这里强调的应该是对方拥有的这个状态，所以强调情态动词，提到最前

三、我小时候就接触过这类句子，向来是这么样表达的，不过现在觉得很中式英语，一般来说还是直接讲have a nice weekend!较常见和地道。

什么情况用完全倒装句，什么情况用不完全倒装句？

常见的完全倒装结构

1．there be 句型。

There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有一个手机和一些书。

引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。

There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。

2．用于here, there, now, thus, then + 动词 + 主语的句型中（谓语动词多为be, go, come等）。

Here comes the bus．汽车来了。

3．以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。

Down fell the leaves. 树叶掉了下来。

在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序。

Here we are. 我们到了。

4．表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist等句子中。

South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。

5. “表语+连系动词+主语”结构。

Gone are the days when he was looked down upon.

他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。

常见的部分倒装结构

1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时。

I have never seen him before.

——Never have I seen him before.

——Never before have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。

表示“刚……就……的倒装结构

Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。

No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。

2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。

Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。

3. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语。

She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。

如果对前面所说的内容，加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，那不倒装。

--- Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。

--- So he did. 确实是的。

4．Neither nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。

She wo’t go. NeitherNor will I. 她不走，我也不。

如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。

He worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定）

5. “so...that...和“such...that...”结构中的so或such位于句首时。

He was so excited that he could not say a word.

——So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。

6．一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。

Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。

7．表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。

Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。

8．非谓语动词 + be + 主语。

Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。

倒装句讲解？

一、部分倒装

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否定副词位于句首时的倒装 在正式文体中，never, seldom, rarely, little, hardly, scarcely, no sooner, no longer, nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：

I shall never forgive him. / Never shall I forgive him. 我永远不会宽恕他。

He seldom goes out for dinner. / Seldom does he go out for dinner. 他很少出去吃饭。

She hardly has time to listen to music. / Hardly does she have time to listen to music. 她几乎没时间听音乐。

He little realizes how important this meeting is. / Little does he realize how important this meeting is. 他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。

We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off. / No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。

【注意】

(1) 对于not…until句型，当not until…位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：

He didn’t leave the room until the rain stopped. / Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

(2) 某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：

On no accounts must this switch be touched. 这个开关是绝不能触摸的。

In [Under] no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。

但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：

In no time he worked out the problem. 他马上就算出了那道题。

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“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装 当一个状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：

Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。

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“so+adj. / adv.”位于句首时的倒装 副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：

So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。

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“so+助动词+主语”倒装 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：

You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。

【注意】

(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor：

You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。

She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。

(2) 注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：

"It was cold yesterday." "So it was." “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

"Father, you promised." "Well, so I did." “爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”

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由not only…but also引出的倒装 当not only…but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：

Not only is he a teacher, but he is also a poet. 他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。

Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。

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虚拟条件句的省略与倒装 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时，如将if省略，则要将had, were, should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：

Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。

Should you require anything give me a ring. 如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。

Were it not for your help, I would still be homeless. 要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。

【注意】省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词：

Had I money, I would buy it. 假若我有钱，我就会买它。

二、完全倒装

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here 和there位于句首时的倒装 表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：

Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。

There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。

Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。

【注意】

(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。

(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：

Here I am. 我在这儿。/ 我来了。

Here it comes. 它来了。

(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：

There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。

Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。

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away和down等位于句首时的倒装 地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：

Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。

Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。

The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。

【注意】 若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：

Away he went. 他跑远了。

Down it came. 它掉了下来。

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状语或表语位于句首时的倒装 为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：

Among these people was his friend Jim. 他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。

By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand. 窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。

【注意】 在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。

比较： In the box was a cat. 箱子里是一只猫。 In the box were some cats. 箱子里是一些猫。

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分词和不定式置于句首的倒装 有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：

Buried in the sands was an ancient village. 一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。

Standing beside the table was his wife. 站在桌旁的是他的妻子。

To be carefully considered are the following questions. 下列问题要仔细考虑。

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涉及only的倒装及考题分析

按英语习惯同，当“only+状语”位于句首时，其后句子要用部分倒装。

如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong. 到那时他才意识到他错了。

Only in this way are you able to do it well.  你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。

Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样，才能保住我们的荣誉。

Only then did I understand what she meant. 只有到那时我才明白她的意思。

Only after her death was I able to appreciate her. 只有到她死后我才认识到她的价值。

Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

Only in this way can we learn English. 只有这样才能学会英语。

The pilot reassured the passengers. Only then did I realize how dangerous the situation had been. 飞机驾驶员要乘客们放心，这时我才明白刚才的情况有多危险。

Only by shouting was he able to make himself heard.  他只有叫喊才能让别人听到他。

Only when we landed did we see how badly the plane had been damaged. 我们只是在着陆之后才看到飞机损坏的严重程度。

Only on one point do I agree with you. 只有一点，我同意你的说法。

【典型考题】

(答案分别为DC)

1. Only then _________ how much damage had been caused.

A. she realized B. she had realizedC. had she realized  D. did she realize

2.Only after my friend came _________.

A. did the computer repaired           B. be repaired the computer

C. was the computer repaired          D. the computer was repaired

特别说明：有时命题者不是利用位于句首的“only+状语”来考查倒装，而是倒过来，利用给定的倒装结构来考查对only的选择。

如下面一题(答案选A)： _________ by keeping down costs will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies.

A. Only                  B. Just                    C. Still                     D. Yet

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涉及副词so的两类常考倒装

这类倒装主要见于以下两种情形：

1. 当副词so后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。

如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。

So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。

So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape. 袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。

2. 当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构。

如： You are young and so am I. 你年轻，我也年轻。

She likes music and so do I. 她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。

If he can do it, so can I. 要是他能做此事，我也能。

【典型考题】(答案分别为BBA)

1. So difficult _________ it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.

A. I did find             B. did I find           C. I have found         D. have I found

2. _________ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research.

A. so curious the couple was                   B. So curious were the couple

C. How curious the couple were              D. The couple was such curious

3. —It’s burning hot today, isn’t it?—Yes. _________ yesterday.  A. So was it            B. So it was             C. So it is               D. So is it

特别说明：

(1) 若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so改为neither或nor。

如： You aren’t young and neither am I. 你不年轻，我也不年轻。 She hasn’t read it and nor have I. 她没有读它，我也没有读。

请看考题(答案选D)： Mary never does any reading in the evening, _________.

A. so does John                             B. John does too

C. John doesn’t too                     D. nor does John

(2) 注意“So+助动词+主语”与表示强调或同意的“So+主语+助动词”的区别。

如： “It was cold yesterday.” “So it was.” “昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”

请看考题(答案分别为CD)：

1. — Maggie had a wonderful time at the party. —_________, and so did I.

A. So she had        B. So had she     C. So she did         D. So did she

2.—Father, you promised! —Well, _________. But it was you who didn’t keep your word first.

A. so was I            B. so did I          C. so I was           D. so I did

*

倒装句中的主谓一致

在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语＋谓语动词＋主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定

如： On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。

Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。

Such is the result. 结果就是这样。

Such are the results. 这就是结果。

*

副词后的倒装

here 和 there 之后以及诸如 back, down, off, up 等一类的副词小品词之后，名词主语一般置于谓语之后。这类副词常与诸如 come 和 go 等转移动词一起连用。

如： Here comes a taxi! There goes the last train! 有辆出租车来了! 最后一班火车开走了! (注意这里不可用进行时)

Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑了起来。

当我们给人东西或确定位置时，这种倒装常用在be之后(主语往往是复数)。

如： Here’s a cup of tea for you. 给你一杯茶。(给东西)

Here’s your letters. 这儿有你的信。(给与或指明)

There’s (重读) Johnny smith. 约翰尼·史密斯在那儿。(确定位置)

*

主语如是代词则不倒装。

如： Here it comes. 它来了。

There she goes. 她走了。

Up it went. 它上去了。

Here you are. 给你。

There she is. 她在那儿。

什么情况用完全倒装句，什么情况用不完全

一、以下7种情况下用完全倒装句：

1 there be句型：该句型中也可用其他表示存在意义的动词代替be: appear, come, exist, go, lie, live, remain, stand等。

There is a lamp and two cups on the table.桌上有一盏灯和两只杯子。

here used to be a shop around the corner.拐角处过去有一家商店。

2 由here, now, then, there等词放于句首，句子的主语必须是名词，不能是人称代词。谓语动词常常是：come, follow, go, lie, run, rush, stand, stop, walk等表示趋向方位等的不及物动词和be联系动词。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃响了！ Here comes the bus. = The busis coming.汽车来了。

3 表示方位的介词、副词放在句首：out, in, up, down, away等词。但应注意：句子的主语必须是名词，若主语是人称代词，则不能倒装。谓语动词常常是：come, follow, go, lie, run, rush, stand, stop, walk等表示趋向方位等的不及物动词和be联系动词。

Away went the girl.那女孩走开了。 Out rushed the boys.男孩子们冲了出去。

4 为了保持句子平衡，强调表语和状语，使句子上下紧密衔接，而且放于句首的一般是表示方位的地点状语。

Round the corner came a motorcycle.一辆摩托车从拐角处转了过来。

At the entrance of the valley stood an old pine tree.在峡谷的入口处耸立着一棵古老的松柏。

5 直接引语位于句首，句子主语必须是名词，人称代词的话不能倒装。

"Let's go!" said the captain.上尉说，“我们走吧！”

"I love you," whispered John.“我爱你。”约翰悄悄地说道。

6 由于修辞或是平衡句子的需要也可以用完全倒装句。

Next to this one is another grand hotel, which isbeautifully decorated.这家饭店隔壁还有一家装修华丽的大饭店。

7 adj./doing/done + (地点状语)+ be(或其他动词形式)

So adj./adv.…that…如此…以至于…

Fastened tothe pole is the National flag.旗杆上有一面国旗。

Hiddenbehind the door were some naughty children.有几个顽皮的孩子藏在门后面。

二、以下8种情况下使用不完全倒装句：

1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时。

I have never seen him before.

——Never have I seen him before.

——Never before have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。

表示“刚……就……的倒装结构

Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。

No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。

2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。

Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。

3. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语。

She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。

如果对前面所说的内容，加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，那不倒装。

--- Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。

--- So he did. 确实是的。

4．Neither nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。

She wo’t go. NeitherNor will I. 她不走，我也不。

如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定，或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时，用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构。

He worked hard, but didn't pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定）

5. “so...that...和“such...that...”结构中的so或such位于句首时。

He was so excited that he could not say a word.

——So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。

6．一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。

Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。

7．表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。

Gladly would I accept your proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。

8．非谓语动词 + be + 主语。

Covering much of the earth's surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。

英语中什么情况下要用倒装

关于倒装句

英语句子通常有两种语序：一种是陈述语序，一种是倒装语序。将谓语的一部分或全部置于主语之前的语 序叫做倒装语序。而倒装可分为二种：将整个谓语提到主语之前的叫完全倒装（full invention）；而只将be 、情态动词或者助动词放在主语之前的叫做部分倒装（partial invention）。现笔者对中学英语教学中有关的 一些倒装句子进行探讨，并对其中相关的一些句子加以比较。

一、完全倒装

(1)在以here、there、now、then等副词开头的句子里。

1.Here hung a picture of enormous size, painted by Tintoretto,(Shaw)

2.There goes the bell.

3.Now comes your turn.

4.Then followed three days of heavy rain.

(2)在There be (exist、happen、live、appear、lie、occur、rise、seem、come、remain等)句型中。

1.There are at least thousands of people in the square.

2.There stands a tall tree in front of our school gate.

(3)在象声词或以out、in、up、down、away等副词开头的句子里。

1.Click.click went the weaving room.

2.Crackle.crackle, crackle came the gun and the young soldier felt very frightened.

3.Following the root, out rushed a big tiger from among the bushes.

4.Higher and higher flew the plane, and at last it disappeared in the clouds.

(4)当表示地点的介词词组在句首时。

1.At the foot of the hill lies a beautiful lake.

2.The soldiers ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.

3.East of the lake lie two towns.

4.Under the tree was lying a wounded soldier.

在上述四种句子中，如果主语为人称代词，则不需要倒装。

1.In he came and back he went again.

二、部分倒装

(1)Only在句首，修饰副词，介词词组成状语从句时。

1.only then did he find it important to get along with others.

2.Only in this way can we make great progress.

3.Only after he came back were you able to see him.

以关联连词not only...but also开首的句子或者分句也是如此。

Not only did they break into his office and steal his books, but they also tore up his manuscripts.

于句首的only，（包括连词not only...but also）只修饰（或连接）主语部分，则不引起倒装。

Only a sound body can house a sound mind.

不过请注意下面句子：

Only five of them did I see in the office.

(2)当句首状语为否定词或带有否定含义的词语时，常见的这类词或词语有not, never, hardly, seldom, hardly, scarcely 以及not until, no sooner,...then, hardly...when,...no...等。

1.Seldom had I seen such a beautiful picture.

2.Hardly had I arrived home when the phone rang.

3.Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

4.At no time have I said such a thing.

5.Not a finger did I lay on him.

6.To few people does such an opportunity occur.

但当否定词否定主语，否定词组不含否定含义，或者句首状语的否定意义已为随后的另一名词所抵消，此 时则不需要倒装。

1.Not a leaf had fallen from the trees though autumn was well advanced.

2.In no time the locusts came clown and started eating everything.

3.Not infrequently they go abroad.

(3)在省去if的虚拟条件从句中。

1.Should I be free this afternoon. I will come and help you with your lesson.

2.Were I in your place. I would not be fit for your job.

3.Had it not been for the captain, the ship would have sunk withal on board.

我们可以说Were it not...或者Had it not been...,但不可以说Weren’t is... 或者hadn’t it been.. .因此下列句子应视为病句。

Weren’t it for his wife’s money, he’d never be a director.

(4)在So ...that, to such...that 或者in such ...that的句型中。

1.So beautifully did they dance that the tall white Lillie peeped in at the window .(Oscar Wilde)

2.To such lengths did she go in rehearsal that two actors walkabout.

3.in such a hurry did the man rush out that he almost knocked me down.

(5)当So位于句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人（或物）时。

I trusted him completely. So would anyone who know him.

在So it is (was)wither 的句型或者当So表示“的确如此，确实是这样”，以示同意和肯定某种说法，或 者加以强调时，常常不引起倒装。

1.Jack studies German, but he doesn’t study French. So it is with Jim.

2.“It’s going to be a cold winter.”

“Yes, So the newspaper says.”

3.Li Ping studies hard So he does.

因此我们常常可看到下列这类句子。

You say Tom went to the ball yesterday, So he did, and so did I.

(6)当neither or位于句首，表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一人或物时；或者表示否定的意义在延伸的时 候。

1.“I didn’t mean what I said, you know.”

“Neither(Nor)did I”.

2.I don’t know. Neither(Nor) do I care.

注意Neither nor的特殊用法。

1.Just as I haven’t good eyes, so neither has my son, neither have my children.(当just as...,s o...用于否定句时，只用neither.)

2.If he doesn’t go, neither will I. （在if条件句后用来引起一个主句时，只能用 Neither.）

3.You can’t do it, nor can I, nor can anybody else.（连续多次否定，常用nor）。

(7)当方式状语、频度状语等提至句首时，有时也可引起部分倒装。

1.Well do I remember the day that I saw a tremble accident on that road.

2.Mary a time bas he given me good advice.

(8)有时为了平衡句子的需要，以避免头重脚轻之感。

1.Gone forever are the dark days of the old society.

2.Such are the rewards that always crown virtue,(Shakespeare)

在以上各类句型中，如果谓语动词只有系动词be，则这类句子应属于全倒装。

So small was the mark that I could hardly see it .

回答者：pigkiller23 - 经理 四级 8-9 15:45

英语倒装句的几种情况

1. “某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式，需要全部倒装。常用的副词主要有：here , there , now , then , out , in , down , up , away 等，表示强调。主语是代词时，不必倒装。

Out rushed the boy .

Down came the brown wave .

2. 表示方位的短语放在句首，后面一般使用倒装语序。

West of the lake lies the famous city .

3. There be + 主语+地点。其中动词be也可以是其他词，如lie，stand等。

There are many different kinds of mooncakes on the table .

There in Greece lived a famous thinker , named Aristotle .

4. 如果直接引语后注明是什么人说的，而且主语是名词时，需要完全倒装；主语是代词时，一般不用倒装。

“Let’s go ! ”said the captain .

“Take off your boots !” ordered the guard .

5. 为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调表语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时。

They arrived at an old church , in front of which stood a big crowd of people .

6. 用于so开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，意为“也怎么样”。另外，在结果状语从句句型so …that …中，如果强调so…放在句首，主句需要部分倒装。

I often go out for a walk after supper . So does she .

我经常在晚饭后出去散步，她也这样。

So excited was she at the news that she couldn’t say a word .

听到这个消息，她是如此激动，以致于一句话也说不出来。

7. 用于nor , neither 开头的句子，表示重复前面相同的内容，“也不怎么样”。

Li Lei can’t answer the question . Neither can I .

If you don’t wait for him , nor shall I .

8. only放在句首，强调状语（副词，介词短语或状语从句等），全句语序要部分倒装。

Only in this way can we get in touch with them .

Only because he was ill was he absent from school .

注意：only放在句首，强调主语时，语序不必倒装。

Only Mr Wang knows about it .

9. 带有否定意义的词放在句首，语序需要部分倒装。常见的词语有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than ……等。

Little did I think he is a spy .

我一点也没想到他是一个间谍。

Hardly had I reached home when it began to rain .

No sooner had I entered the room than the phone rang .

10. 在虚拟语气中，倒装代替条件。

Should he be here next week , he would help us with the problem .

Were there no light , we could see nothing .

11. 用于某些表示祝愿的句子。

May you succeed ! 祝你成功！ Long live the People’s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁!

谁能帮我简单的讲解下倒装句的情况呢

英语倒装句用法浅析

倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。

倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。

一、 表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

二、 承上启下

有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。

例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

Out of the bosom of the Air,

Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

Over the woodlands brown and bare,

Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

Silent, and soft, and slow,

Descends the snow.

在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。

四、 平衡结构

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常采用倒装语序。

1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the trapped miners.

一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

从例句中可看出, 采用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而采用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应采用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。

2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如:

Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也采用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:

Here is the letter you have been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。

五、 使描写生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子采用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:

Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。

Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!

Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!

以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风采。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。

“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman leaves his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...

“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )

作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。

倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力。

英语什么情况下要用到装！

The university anthorities did not approve the regulation,and they did not explain why either!这样不用倒装也正确啊！但是正确答案要求用倒装？

正确答案是：The university anthorities did not approve the regulation,nor did they  explain why .

我觉得我没看出来哪里体现出必须用倒装的啊？

用于so nor neither 开头的句子

此类倒装用于重复前句部分内容

前句是肯定句用SO  某人/某事也是

前句是否定句用neither nor某人/某事也不是

倒装句中的谓语应与前句的谓语时态形态一致

He has been to Beijing. So have I.

Tom can’t answer the question. Neither /Nor can I .

So +be/助动词/情态动词+主语

某人也是如此

Nor/neither +be/助动词/情态动词+主语

某人也不是如此

So +主语+be/助动词/情态动词

某人确实如此

Betty is a nice girl. So she is .

他喜欢读书，我也是．

He likes reading very much. So do I

我从来没有去过广州大学，他也是．

I have never been toGuangzhouUniversity, neither/ nor has he.

为什么只有在否定情况下才用倒装结构

这种说法不准确，否定词置于句首，要用倒装。但倒装除了这一种情况之外，还有：

1、 完全倒装（无需助动词）：

（1） there,here,down,up,in,out,now,then,before,away,off等副词开头的句子，用来表示强调（主语为人称代词时不倒装）；

（2） 表示地点的介词短语作状语且位于句首时；

（3） 表语置于句首，强调表语或保持句子平衡时。

方法：（1）副词+谓语+主语，副词+主语+谓语（主语为代词时不倒装）；

（3） 介词短语+谓语+主语；

（4） 形容词/ed分词/-ing分词/介词短语+be+主语。

2、 部分倒装（需借助助动词）：

（1） only所修饰的副词/介词短语/状语从句位于句首时（但only修饰主语位于句首时不倒装）；

（2） never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,little,not…until,at no time,not once,not,no,in no time等否定意义的词位于句首时；

（3） so…that中so或such…that中such位于句首时。

方法：以上三种情况都倒装主句。

（4） 形容词/名词/动名词+as/though的让步状语从句中（although引导的让步状语从句不能倒装，though也可以不倒装）；

方法：倒装从句。

（5） not only…but also连接并列分句时（连接主语时不倒装）；

方法：前倒后不倒。

（6） neither…nor连接并列分句时（连接主语时不倒装）；

方法：前后都倒。

（7） so位于句首表示前句的内容也同样适用于后一个人或物时（只能是肯定句，且前后两句主语不同）；

方法：so+助动词+主语。

（8） neither/nor用于句首，表示前句的否定内容也适用于后一句的人/物时（只能用于否定句，且前后两句主语不同）；

方法：neither/nor+助动词+主语。

（9） 表示祝愿的祈使句中：

方法：副词+谓语+主语，may+主语+谓语。

（10）在虚拟语气中，如果if条件从句有系动词were或助动词should/had，可以把其置于句首，同时省去if。

什么时候用倒装？有什么常见标志？还有就是什么情况下主动形式表被动？

倒装即谓语在主语前，有两种形式完全倒装和部分倒装，讲到倒装句型，细节非常多，以下列举几个常见常考点吧

1，there be句型倒装

2，so作“也”讲时，句型有：So+谓语+主语表示“....也一样”如：Tom likes swimming. So do I.汤姆喜欢游泳，我也是。或so it is/was with+主语/so it is/was the same with +主语

3，虚拟语气句中，如含有were，should，had时省略if，并把以上词提前至主语前

4，强调句子成分，强调部分一般是状语或表语，常见的有否定词或否定结构如not，little，hardly，no sooner...than...,hardly...when...,not only...but also...never,at no time,by no means,in no case,nowhere,seldom,few等位于句首时常用部分倒装。

5，only状语放在句首时，主句用部分倒装，如Only in this way can you succeed!只有这样你才能成功！

6，某些地点状语，表地点、时间的介词短语在句首时，如Through the window came in the sweet music从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐

以上是我认为比较重要及常见的，敲了半天，当然你要想全面了解的话，还是建议购置一本语法书。

主动形式表被动，你等我歇会儿，改天再给你解答。

PS你这人太贪心，哪有上来就一下子问俩不搭噶的问题的！