就近原则和就远原则的用法

语法：就远原则讲解

【就远原则】

谓语动词与前面主语一致

代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from

采用“就近原则”的两个典型用法

即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。

1. 连词or, not…but…, either…or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数与靠近它的主语一致。如：

Not his parents but he doesn’t want to go. 是他的父母亲不想去而不是他不想去。

Neither you nor I am a stranger here. 你和我都不是刚来这里。

Does neither he nor his classmates know the secret? 他和他的同学都不知道这个密秘？

2. 当there be后有两个或几个并列的主语时，be的数由与其靠得最近的那个主语一致。如：There is an apple, two pears and some oranges on the plate. 盘子里有一个苹果，两个梨子和一些桔子。

There are two pears, some oranges and an apple on the plate. 盘子里有两个梨子，一些桔子和一个苹果。

五、由 or，not only … but also …， either … or …， neither … nor …，not … but …等连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据就近原则来确定。

如：

You or he is going to be sent to study abroad .

He or we are going to be sent to study abroad .

六、“名词 + 介词 / 介词短语（ with，together with，along with，as well as 等） + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由介词前的名词的单复数形式决定。

如：

Tom as well as his parents enjoys fishing .

You as well as your brother have been accepted .

七、主语从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如：

What we can’t get seems better than what we have .

Taking more exercise is good for your health .

八、定语从句中，当先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语与先行词的人称和数保持一致；但“ one of + 名词复数”作先行词时，如在 one 前有 the，the very，the only 等词修饰时，从句谓语动词要用单数形式，若没有，则用复数形式。

如：

He is one of the students who have been praised by the headmaster .

He is the only one of the students who has been praised by the headmaster .

九、there be 句型中，be 的单复数形式由其后的名词决定，如果有两个或两个以上的名词，则按就近原则决定。

如：

There is only a desk in the room .

There is only a desk and two chairs in the room .

There are two chairs and a desk in the room .

十、“ the + 形容词”作主语表示一类人时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

如：The rich don’t understand the life of the poor .

语法：就近原则讲解

【就近原则】

也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”(Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

I.在正式文体中：

1.由下列词语连接的并列主语："there be＋句型; or ; either …or；nor; neither…nor；whether…or；not…but; not only…but also" ; 等。e.g.

①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

e.g.①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

II. 非正式文体中：

有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。e.g.

Neither she nor I were there (意义一致) 我和他当时都不在那儿。（非正式）

Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式）

但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。e.g.

No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

造四个就近原则的句子

就近原则也称＂邻近原则＂＂就近一致原则＂，即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在＂人称、数＂上一致。

与其相对的还有＂就远原则＂。

1. There is an apple and some oranges .2. Either You or I am going there Tomorrow.3. Nither my father nor my mother is at home today.4. There are some books and a pen on the table.5. She likes neither butter nor cheese.6. Neither dad nor mum is at home today.7. He is neither tall nor short. He is medium height.8. She is either drunk or mad.9. Many other experts insist this is not an either or situation .10. When the girl is happy, she either sings or dances.11. Either you or I am going there tomorrow. 12. Either the teacher or the students are our friends.13. His brothers or Tom is waiting in the room.14. Neither they nor he is wholly right.15. There is a pear and two apples in the bag.

就近原则的句型

名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题： 1、 1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：The computer was a great invention.（计算机是个了不起的发明）The water in the glass is very cold.（玻璃杯力的水很冷） 2）集体名词（如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时， ①如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.（三班是个好班） ②如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China. （三班有张中国地图） 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。

如：There is a sheep in the yard.（院子里有只绵羊）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些绵羊） 4)maths,news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋） 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。

如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（裤...名词或代词作主语时和谓语之间的单复数的一致问题： 1、 1）主语和谓语基本保持单复数的一致，即：主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式：The computer was a great invention.（计算机是个了不起的发明）The water in the glass is very cold.（玻璃杯力的水很冷） 2）集体名词（如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等）做句子主语时， ①如果表示整体概念，则谓语用单数形式，如：Class Three is a very good class.（三班是个好班） ②如果表示其中的所有成员时，则谓语用复数形式，如：Class Three have a map of China. （三班有张中国地图） 3)Chinese,Japanese,fish,sheep,people等表示单个时谓语用单数，表示许多时，谓语用复数。

如：There is a sheep in the yard.（院子里有只绵羊）/ There are some sheep in the yard.（院子里有一些绵羊） 4)maths,news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数：The news is very exciting. （这个消息令人兴奋） 5)glasses,shoes,socks,trousers,gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。

如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.（裤子很便宜，我想买） 6)a lot of 后跟名词复数时谓语用复数形式，跟不可数名词时谓语用单数形式。

如：A lot of students are playing baseball now.（现在有许多学生在打垒球）A lot of time was wasted on that work.（大量的时间花在了那个工作上）（被动句） 7)and 连接两个名词做主语时，谓语原则上用复数，但是两个名词若构成一个整体事物时，谓语则用单数。

如：The teacher and his son are picking apples now.（老师和他的儿子在摘苹果） Fish and chips is very famous food. （鱼和薯条是一种出名的食品）8) there be 句型中be的单复数一般由靠近的名词决定。

如：There is a table and four chairs in the room.（房间里有一张桌子和四张椅子） 9）用both…and…连接两个事物做主语时，谓语一般用复数。

如：Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.（你和我明天要求都来） 10）主语中含有with的短语时，谓语单复数由with之前的人物决定。

如：A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. （一名妇女带着一个七岁的孩子（当时）就站在路边） 11)either…or…或者 neither…nor…连接两个人物做句子主语时，谓语采用就近原则。

如：Either you or he is right.（要么是你对，要么是他对。

/你和他有一个人是对的） / Neither you nor I am going there.（你和我都不打算去那里） 12）表示一段时间或长度概念的复数名词做主语时，谓语一般用单数。

如：Two months is not a short time.（两个月不是个短时间）Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance（距离）.（两千千米是相当长的一段距离） 13）主语中含有half of… / （three quarters）of… / all (of) the ….等词语时，谓语的单复数由名词确定，如：Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.（因特网上四分之三以上的信息是用英语写的） / A third of the students were playing near the lake.（学生的三分之一（当时）正在湖边玩耍） / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.（这些河流中的水已经被污染了）（被动句） 但是，population一词又有特殊情况： What's the population of China？（中国人口是多少？）（句子用单数） / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs（阿拉伯人）.（这个城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人）（句子用复数）就近一致原则 是指谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。

1. “more than one + 单数名词” 虽有复数意义，但习惯上用单数动词. More than one person is involved in this. 2. 用于正式文体的“many a + 单数名词” 也用单数动词. Many a famous pop singer has been ruined by drugs. 3.由or,either...or,neither...nor,not only...but also...,not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词...

初中所有需用就近原则的句型

所谓就近原则是指谓语动词单复数取决于离它最近的词语，而无须考虑其他的词。

1） 以either…or, or, neither…nor和not only…but also连接的两个主语，其谓语的单复数形式应与离谓语最近的主语保持一致。

如：Either you or he has to go there with me. 2） 由there或here引起的主语，而又不止是一个时，采取就近原则。

如：Here is a pen, a few envelopes and some paper for you.1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk..There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.2）当either… or… 与neither… nor， 连接两个主语时，谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

如果句子是由here, there引导，而主语又不止一个时，谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。

Either you or she is to go.Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.

英语中谓语动词用就近一致原则是什么意思？

“就近一致原则”就是英语中的“就近原则”常与there be句型中运用，用法是与there be距离最近的主语保持一致，如：1.There is an apple and some bananas.这里有一个苹果和一些香蕉。

“apple”离be动词最近，且是单数，所以be动词用单数形式is.2.There are some bananas and an apple.这里有一些香蕉和体格苹果。

“bananas＂离be动词最近，且是复数，所以be动词用复数形式are.

英语中就远原则和就近原则

就远原则①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

④Not only you hut(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

就近原则，就是谓语动词的形式要和最近的主语一致没有就远原则，其实你的意思也就是谓语动词的变化吧如果是I and he are going to the park谓语is要变成are，因为主语是我和他如果是I with him 就要用am了，主语是I还原句子：I am going to the park with himunderstand？祝你学习进步！ 就近原则：也称“邻近原则”“就近一致原则”（Proximity），即：谓语与靠近的名词、代词（有时不一定是主语）在“人称、数”上一致。

I.在正式文体中： 1.由下列词语连接的并列主语：＂there be+句型； or ; either …or;nor; neither…nor;whether…or;not…but; not only…but also＂ ； 等。

e.g. ①What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。

②Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。

③Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。

④Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。

2. 在倒装句中：谓语可与后面第一个主语一致。

e.g. ①In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people . 在远处，能听见鼓掌声和人们的呼喊声。

②There is (are) a pen and some books on the desk .桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

II. 非正式文体中： 有时依“就近一致原则”，但也可依“意义一致原则”或严格地依“语法一致原则”。

e.g. Neither she nor I were there （意义一致） 我和他当时都不在那儿。

（非正式） Neither she nor I was there .（就近一致）（译文同上句）（正式） 但是，如果依“就近一致原则”而与其他两项原则相矛盾时，则常常认为是不太合符规范的。

e.g. No one except his own supporters agree with him .仅他自己的支持者同意他的意见。

（依“就近”和“意义”一致的原则；但语法上，“No one ”才是主语，谓语要改成“agrees”。

“写作中”一般要依“语法一致”原则。

就远原则谓语动词与前面主语一致代表词汇：as well as;(together/along)with;rather than;except;besides;but;including;in addition to;apart frome.g:He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.

there be句型的就近原则？

There be句型的就近原则也是主谓一致语法项目的重点考点。

There be句型中be动词的单复数形式由后面挨近的一项的单复数决定。

如：There is a pen, two books and many pencils on the desk.在本句中尽管有钢笔、书和铅笔，但是由于离be动词最近的一项是单数a pen，因此，be动词用单数is。

又如：有一本书和三只猫。

there is a book and three cats. 反过来，有三只猫和一本书。

there are three cats and a book.

主谓一致中“语法一致原则” “意义一致原则”嘛意思

主谓一致要点归纳 英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。

一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。

语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定；意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定，即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话，谓语动词也要用单数形式；就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。

一、以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。

如： Physics is such a difficult subject that I can't understand it . The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries . 2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物，如 trousers,shoes,glasses,scissors 等，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of 等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。

如： My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother . This kind of shoes is very popular this summer . 3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods （货物），arms （武器），clothes （衣服），thanks （感谢）等只作复数用，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。

如： All the goods were shipped from America . All the arms you want have been prepared . 4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means （方法），works （工厂），headquarters （总部）等作主语时，如果强调单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调复数意义，则谓语用复数形式。

如： All the means have been tried to save the patient . The quickest means of travel is by plane . 二、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture （家具），machinery （机器），equipment （设备）等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如： The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory . All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong . 2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people,police,cattle （牲畜）等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

如： The working people are brave and great . The police were searching the area for two thieves . 3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词，如 team,class,family,club,government,public 等作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体成员，则谓语动词要用复数形式。

如： My family is a happy one . All my family are fond of taking exercise . 三、由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致 1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式，若表示同一事物或一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。

如： The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school . The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school . War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the world . 2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each,every,no 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如： Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question . No parent and child was late for the sports meeting . 四、数量词作主语时的主谓一致 1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。

如： Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book . There are twenty dollars on the desk . 2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。

如： Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to universities . Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river . 3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定，但“ none of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。

如： All the leaders were present at the meeting . None of your answers is / are right . 4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。

如： Many a student has passed this difficult exam . 5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，而“ the number of + 名词”作主语时谓语用单数。

如： A number of boy students are football fans . The number of the students in this school has been increasing these years . 6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort ”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。

如： This kind of men is dangerous . Men of this kind are dangerous .

请问be动词的具体用法,比如就近一致原则,A AND B + be, A or B + ...

be作助动词用的形式如下：①am, is, are, was, were②助动词+be:shall be, will be, can be, etc.③have/has/had + been（完成时）④am, is， …being（进行时） (1)表达进行时态句型 be + V-ing…（进行时态）例：What are you reading?（你正在阅读什么？）I am reading a magazine.（我正在阅读杂志。

）例：He will be taking a walk in the park at this time tomorrow morning.（明天早晨此时他将会正在公园散步。

）例：She has been teaching English in our school for years.（她已在我们学校教英语许多年了。

）解说 第一例句是表达现在进行时，第二例句是将来进行时，第三例句是现在完成进行时。

(2)表达被动语态句型 be +p.p. …（被动语态）例：English is spoken in both Canada and the United States.（加拿大和美国都讲英语。

）例：Those keys were found in your drawer.（那些钥匙是在你的抽屉里找到的。

）例：It can be done much faster in this way.（这件工作用这个方法可以更加快速地做好。

）